Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that causes numbness, tingling, and pain in the hand and arm. The condition occurs when one of the major nerves to the hand—the median nerve—is squeezed or compressed as it travels through the wrist (carpal tunnel).

• Presentation: Gradual onset of numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers (but not the little finger). Pain may travel up the forearm and is often worse at night. Weakness in the hand may cause the patient to drop objects.
• Diagnosis: Confirmed through physical maneuvers (Phalen's sign and Tinel's sign) and electrodiagnostic testing (electromyography and nerve conduction studies) to measure the speed of electrical signals in the median nerve.
• Risk Factors: Repetitive hand motion, pregnancy, Rheumatoid Arthritis, thyroid dysfunction, and diabetes.

For mild to moderate cases, conservative therapies can relieve compression and prevent nerve damage.

Wrist Splinting

A brace or splint that keeps the wrist in a neutral (straight) position, especially at night. This prevents bending the wrist during sleep, which reduces pressure on the median nerve.

Physical Therapy & Exercises

Specific exercises, known as neural gliding or nerve-gliding exercises, help the median nerve move more smoothly within the carpal tunnel, reducing swelling and irritation.

Corticosteroid Injections

Doctors can inject a corticosteroid (like methylprednisolone) directly into the carpal tunnel to relieve swelling around the nerve, providing temporary relief (typically lasting a few months).

When conservative treatment fails or electromyography shows severe nerve damage, surgery is recommended to release the transverse carpal ligament and increase the space in the tunnel.

• Open Release: The surgeon makes a small incision in the palm of the hand and cuts the transverse carpal ligament to free the nerve.
• Endoscopic Release: The surgeon uses a thin tube with a camera (endoscope) inserted through one or two small incisions in the wrist to cut the ligament from the inside, resulting in less immediate post-operative pain and faster recovery.

Research focuses on testing ergonomic devices, improving injection delivery, and optimizing post-operative rehabilitation.

• NCT06921389: Evaluating the comfort and pressure reduction of a novel ergonomic wrist brace in mild-to-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.
• NCT07115199: A comparative study assessing pain relief duration of ultrasound-guided vs blind corticosteroid injections.
• NCT07218322: Testing the efficacy of an app-guided neural gliding exercise routine to speed recovery after endoscopic release surgery.

If you have recently been diagnosed with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, take these active steps to reduce pressure on your median nerve:

1. Wear Wrist Splints at Night: Use neutral-position (straight) wrist braces while sleeping to prevent your wrists from bending, which drastically reduces nocturnal numbness and pain.
2. Modify Repetitive Hand Work: Take frequent short breaks to stretch your fingers and shake out your wrists during repetitive tasks. Use ergonomic mouse devices and keyboards.
3. Perform Nerve-Gliding Exercises: Regularly practice neural gliding exercises guided by a hand therapist to help the median nerve slide freely within the carpal tunnel.
4. Avoid Sustained Gripping or Pinching: Try to avoid holding objects tightly (like a steering wheel, pen, or tools) for long periods. Loosen your grip wherever possible.

Q: Why do my symptoms wake me up at night?
A: Many people sleep with their wrists bent, which increases pressure inside the carpal tunnel. Wearing a wrist splint at night keeps the wrist straight and prevents these flare-ups.

Q: Does typing cause carpal tunnel?
A: While repetitive keyboard and mouse use can irritate the tendons in the wrist and worsen symptoms, studies show it is rarely the sole cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. Genetic factors, wrist anatomy, and other medical conditions play a larger role.